真空(kong)滤(lv)油(you)机的基础知识
滤油(you)机是用加压过滤或真空蒸发-加压过滤方法除去不纯净油中固体杂质和水分的过滤机组。滤油机主要用于提高电器用油的绝缘性能和润滑油的纯净程度。滤油机分为普通滤油机和真空滤油机两种。油有效滤油机主要用于电厂、电站、工矿企业的透平油及润滑性机械油的净化和再生。特别适合于严重含水或浑浊乳化的透平油、液压油、抗磨油、轴承油及高粘度润滑油的净化处理,能高速有效地脱除油中的水分,杂质等,使浑浊的油液变清。
由初(chu)滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)器、油(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)和(he)过(guo)(guo)滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)装(zhuang)置(zhi)组成。初(chu)滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)器为一筒状金属网(wang),阻止不纯(chun)净油(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)较大(da)的固(gu)体(ti)颗粒进(jin)入(ru)油(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)。油(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)通(tong)常(chang)(chang)为齿轮(lun)泵(beng),输送不纯(chun)净油(you)(you)(you)进(jin)入(ru)过(guo)(guo)滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)装(zhuang)置(zhi)。过(guo)(guo)滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)装(zhuang)置(zhi)为一小型(xing)手工压紧的板框滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)油(you)(you)(you)机(ji)(ji),用专(zhuan)用滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)纸(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)过(guo)(guo)滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)介质(zhi)。不纯(chun)净油(you)(you)(you)在油(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)压力(li)(li)作(zuo)(zuo)用下进(jin)入(ru)板框压滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)机(ji)(ji),透(tou)过(guo)(guo)滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)纸(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成为滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)清油(you)(you)(you)。油(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)的固(gu)体(ti)杂质(zhi)被截(jie)留在滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)纸(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表面,少量的水(shui)分(fen)被滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)纸(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的毛细孔吸收(shou)。过(guo)(guo)滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)压力(li)(li)通(tong)常(chang)(chang)不大(da)于0.3兆(zhao)帕。当滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)纸(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表面沉积(ji)杂质(zhi)太多,过(guo)(guo)滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)压力(li)(li)升(sheng)高到0.35兆(zhao)帕时(shi)(shi),或当滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)纸(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吸收(shou)的水(shui)分(fen)接近饱和(he),滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)清油(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)残留的水(shui)分(fen)不再降低时(shi)(shi),应停机(ji)(ji)更换滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)纸(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。油(you)(you)(you)的粘(zhan)度(du)(du)较高时(shi)(shi),可(ke)预(yu)热以降低粘(zhan)度(du)(du)后(hou)再行过(guo)(guo)滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。这种滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)油(you)(you)(you)机(ji)(ji)只能除去固(gu)体(ti)杂质(zhi)和(he)少量水(shui)分(fen),适(shi)用于一般(ban)电器用油(you)(you)(you)和(he)润(run)滑油(you)(you)(you)的提纯(chun)。当油(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)含水(shui)分(fen)和(he)杂质(zhi)过(guo)(guo)多时(shi)(shi),须经(jing)预(yu)热处理后(hou)再送入(ru)滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)油(you)(you)(you)机(ji)(ji)。普通(tong)滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)油(you)(you)(you)机(ji)(ji)的处理量为25~200升(sheng)/分(fen)。过(guo)(guo)滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)装(zhuang)置(zhi)的方形滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)框有200毫米(mi)、250毫米(mi)两种框内边长。滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)板和(he)滤(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)框用铸铁或聚丙烯制(zhi)成。